Have you always wondered what the difference is between the terms biodegradable, compostable and bio-based? Today we'll explain. These terms can be found on a wide variety of products and seem to have a similar meaning. But is that the case?
What exactly does biodegradable mean?
There is a precise definition of the term "biodegradable" which is determined by the DIN. According to the DIN standard, a material can be described as biodegradable if it can be broken down by microorganisms . Microorganisms are, for example, bacteria, microalgae or fungi. Furthermore, a distinction can be made between two cases. If the material is exposed to air, microorganisms convert the material into CO2, water, biomass and minerals. However, if there is no oxygen involved, methane is produced instead of CO2. Many people think that the time of degradation is crucial, but this is not correct. The decisive factor is the chemical structure of the material or plastic.
What problems do biodegradable products bring with them?
One of the biggest problems is the time it takes for the material to decompose. As we know, plastic takes several years to do this. It is also important to note that biodegradable products do not belong in the compost or organic waste bin . At home in particular, the temperatures required for the product to decompose cannot be reached. Finally, biodegradable products belong in the yellow bag, but the substances in non-biodegradable products can make recycling more difficult and thus render the material composition useless.
What exactly does compostable mean?
Compostable materials are biodegradable products under specified conditions and within a specified period of time . In industrial composting plants, the material must be broken down within three months and at 60 degrees. The residue that remains must pass through a 2mm sieve and only 10% may remain in the sieve. In your own garden compost, the material must be completely broken down within a year at 30 degrees.
What are bio-based products?
Bio-based and biodegradable are often used together, but they have different meanings. Bio-based products must consist entirely or partially of renewable raw materials such as corn starch or wood. As already mentioned, the chemical structure is crucial for biodegradable products. Therefore, biodegradable does not always mean bio-based . According to the Federal Environment Agency, bio-based products are better for the environment because they do not require petroleum.
All in all, reusable products are still the most sustainable compared to single-use products and plastic products. I hope we were able to create a little more clarity with this article and the difference between the terms is now easier to understand.
